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Valerian Borisovich Aptekar (Russian: Валериа́н Бори́сович Апте́карь, 24 October 1899 – 29 July 1937) was a Russian linguist and a propagandist of Nicholas Marr's New Theory of Language. In 1937, he was accused of anti-Soviet activity, arrested, and shot. ==Career== V.B. Aptekar was born in Warsaw in 1899, the son of a dentist. From 1910 to 1918, he studied at the Zolotonosha gymnasium. In 1918, he became a clerk at the local labor exchange and joined the trade union member. In 1918, he joined the Communist Party. During the Russian Civil War, he was a political commissar. After being wounded, he moved to Poltava, where he worked as a Special Section investigator. In 1919, he went to Moscow and entered the military engineering course for Red Army leaders, but he was soon recalled to work in the Political Department of the internal security forces. From August 1922 to October 1925, he studied foreign relations in the Moscow State University Social Sciences Department. From October 1923 to October 1925, while still a student, he taught at the Moscow Military District Political School. In the 1920's, he also was a propagandist for the Communist Academy and worked as a censor for the State Publishing House. In February 1926, he was appointed an associate professor at the Moscow State University Faculty of Education. From 1928 to 1929, he was deputy chairman of the language section of the Oriental Institute. He was also scientific secretary of the material linguistics section in the Communist Academy. V.B. Aptekar had no systematic training in archaeology, ethnology, or linguistics, but as a devoted follower of Nicholas Marr he was sure that following "true" methodologies could compensate for that lack. He played an important role in destroying the old schools of archaeology and ethnology and introducing Marrist and Marxist theories into Soviet academia. In April 1929, Aptekar was working at the State Academy of the History of Material Culture when he launched his most effective attack against ethnography. In 1932, Aptekar was expelled from the party for concealing his involvement with supporters of Gavril Myasnikov. On 14 May 1937, he was arrested. On 29 July 1937, he was sentenced to death for participating in a counterrevolutionary terrorist organization; he was shot the same day. Aptekar was executed within a few weeks of Y.D. Polivanov, his main opponent in the debate over linguistics. His ashes were buried in the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow. He was rehabilitated in 1958. According to the classical philologist Olga Freidenberg, who first met Aptekar in 1928, "Happily and self-confidently he admitted his lack of education. Guys like Aptekar, ignoramuses, would come from the villages and out of the way places, bone up on party slogans, Marxist schemes and newspaper phraseology and feel like rulers and dictators. With a clear conscience they would instruct scholars and were sincerely convinced that for the correct systematization of learning ('Methodology') knowledge itself was not necessary." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Valerian Borisovich Aptekar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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